A research paper addresses a specific question. It is based on research and mainly present and defend an argument. A research paper requires gathering information, developing and organizing ideas and finally putting those ideas into a conclusion. Where as an essay is a piece of writing, usually from an author's personal point of view. An essay is focused on one question and whole essay is written to answer that question. Essays are generally shorter and contain 3 to 5 paragraphs.
At first, research papers and personal essays are different in their size, research papers are typically much longer. A research paper need others views to prove a certain stance but an essay is largely dependent upon one’s own thoughts and experiences. A research paper analyzes and argues a point with the support of relevant evidences, while an essay serves to answer a question.
A good research paper should have some important attributes. First of all, the purpose of research should be clear and should not have double or more meaning. Simplicity and originality are other two important attributes. To ensure that readers are able to understand exactly what the paper is about, it is important to keep the research statement specific. A research should discover a new idea and it should be of interest to others who work in the same scientific area. And research papers also should be truthful, relevant, well organized, resourceful and complete.
A complete research paper must have some basic requirements. A title page with title of research, author's name, date, and school/university is one of the main requirements of a research paper. Some others are: a good abstract, introduction part: generally introduction moves from a broad area of interest to the specific hypotheses, method part: it provides a description of the study methodology, result section: a clear description of statistics, finding/discussion part and the reference part.
Reference:
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~adelamor/research_paper.htm
http://www.termpaperscorner.com/blog/difference-between-a-research-paper-and-an-essay/
http://www.termpaperscorner.com/blog/difference-between-a-research-paper-and-an-essay/
http://www.bcctg.com/css104/ho40-research%20paper%20vs%20essay.pdf
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